Subcutaneous Transmitters (SCT)


Figure: Subcutaneous Transmitters. D: dual-channel, 5.8 g. S: single-channel, 1.9 g. H: dual-channel, 2.9 g. B: single-channel, 2.2 g.

Our Subcutaneous Transmitters (SCTs) are fully-implantable, wireless sensors that permit continuous, real-time monitoring of biopotentials in freely-moving, cohabiting laboratory animals. The smallest versions can be implanted in young mice and record a single channel of EEG (electro­encephalo­gram) for three weeks. The largest devices can be implanted in adult rates to record EEG, ECG (electro­cardio­gram), EMG (electro­myogram), EGG (electro­gastro­gram) and body temperature continuously for months.

The signals transmitted by SCTs are picked up by telemetry antennas and transported by coaxial cables to a telemetry receiver. The transmitters and antennas need to be isolated from ambient microwave inter­ference in order to guarantee reliable reception. We can set up the system in a basement, or behind thick, brick walls. Or we can operate in any arbitrary space by loading the animal cages into one of our microwave isolation chambers. Our Faraday canopies enclose IVC (individually ventilated cage) racks and our Faraday enclosures provide bench-top accom­modation for multipble animal cages. Continuous recording over TCP/IP is managed by our Neuro­recorder program, while playback and translation of recordings is performed by our Neuro­player program. Both these programs are open-source and free to download.

Product Fundamentals

Telemetry Manual: How to set up and use our telemetery system.
One-Channel SCT (A3048): Small implantable sensor, one biopotential.
Two-Channel SCT (A3049): Implantable sensor, two biopotentials.
Four-Channel SCT (A3047): Implantable sensor, four biopotentials plus temperature.
Price List: A list of devices and their prices.
Testimonials: Comments from users of our telemetry system.
Telemetry Control Box (TCB): Telemetry receiver, command transmitter, and location monitor.
Animal Location Tracker (ALT): Telemetry receiver platform with location tracking.
Data Acquisition (DAQ): Instrument control and data acquisition hardware and software.
Animal Cage Camera (ACC): Synchronous, telemetry-compatible video camera.
Subcutaneous Depth Electrodes (SDE): Permit recording from deeper in the brain.
Faraday Enclosures (FE): Provide isolation from microwave interference.
Telemetry Antennas (A3015): Telemetry antenna with coaxial cable.
Faraday Enclosures (FE): Faraday enclosures to block interference.
Canopy Feedthrough (A3039): Coaxial and Ethernet feedthroughs for Faraday canopies.
Telemetry Control Box (A3042, TCB): Message receiver and command transmitter.
Animal Location Tracker (ALT): Message receiver and location tracker with PoE interface.
Octal Data Receiver (ODR): Telemetry data receiver (discontinued).

Software Tools

LWDAQ Software: Network-based data acquisition and analysis software.
Receiver Instrument: Program that downloads telemetry data.
Neurorecorder Tool: Program that writes data to disk.
Neuroplayer Tool: Program that reads, analyzes, and translates recorded data.
Startup Manager: Program that starts telemetry with one click.
Recording and Playback: Video introduction to the Neurorecorder and Neuroplayer.
Telemetry and Video: Video introduction to synchronous telemetry, stimulus, and video.

System Details

Telemetry Pamphlet: Compact presentation of our telemetry system.
DC Transmitter Flyer: Compact presentation of our 0-Hz telemetry sensors.
Example Recordings: A selection of recordings made with our subcutaneous transmitters.
Mock Interview: Mock interview between a potential telemetry customer and our president.
Real-Time System Setup: Watch us put together a recording system in five minutes.
The Source of EEG: The origin of the electroencephalogram signal.
Event Detection: Automatic detection of seizures, spikes, waves, and ripples.
Flexible Wires: Flexible, fatigue-resistant leads and antennas for implants.
Electrodes and Terminations: Lead terminations, depth electrodes, and sources of artifact.
Reception: Measurements of radio-frequency reception reliability.
Mains Hum: The origin of wall power noise.

Illustrative Posters

Neural History of Seizures: (Dec 2024) Poster, Wykes et al, AES 2024.
Epilepsy-Associated Focal Cortical Dysplasia: (Dec 2024) Poster, Villa Verde et al, AES 2024.
Step Response of Metallic Electrodes: (Nov 2024) Talk, Hashemi et al, iCSD 2024.
Monitoring and analyzing seizure activity in rodents: (Nov 2014) Poster, Wykes et al, SfN 2014.
Measuring seizure susceptibility in mice: (Nov 2024) Poster, Wright et al, SfN 2014.

Illustrative Publications

Peripherally-derived LGI1-reactive monoclonal antibodies cause epileptic seizures in vivo (Apr 2024) Upadhya et al, Brain, doi: 10.1093/brain/awae129.
Enhancing KCC2 function reduces interictal activity and prevents seizures in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (Sep 20223) Donneger et al, BioRxiv preprint, doi: 10.1101/2023.09.16.557753
Cognitive impairments in a Down syndrome model with abnormal hippocampal and prefrontal dynamics and cytoarchitecture (Jan 2023) Muza et al, iScience, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106073
Specific inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 modifies chronic epilepsy (Dec 2022) Singh et al, Redox Biol, doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102549.
Early life pain experience changes adult functional pain connectivity in the rat somatosensory and the medial prefrontal cortex (Nov 2022) Chang et al, J. Neurosci, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0416-22.2022.
On-demand cell-autonomous gene therapy for brain circuit disorders (Nov 2022) Qui et al, Science, doi: 10.1126/science.abq6656.
Encephalitis patient-derived monoclonal GABAA receptor antibodies cause epileptic seizures (Nov 2021) Kreye et al, J Exp Med, doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02635-8.
Multimodal electrophysiological analyses reveal that reduced synaptic excitatory neurotransmission underlies seizures in a model of NMDAR antibody- mediated encephalitis (Sep 2021) Wright et al, Commun Biol, doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02635-8.
Medial septal GABAergic neurons reduce seizure duration upon optogenetic closed-loop stimulation (Mar 2021) Gonzalez-Sulzer et al, Brain, doi.10.1093/brain/awab051.
The matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor IPR-179 has antiseizure and antiepileptogenic effects (Nov 2020) Broekaart et al, J Clin Invest, doi: 10.1172/JCI138332.
Altered Hippocampal-Prefrontal Neural Dynamics in Mouse Models of Down Syndrome (Jan 2020) Chang et al, Cell Rep, doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.065.
Combination antioxidant therapy prevents epileptogenesis and modifies chronic epilepsy (Sep 2019) Shekh-Ahmad et al, Redox Biol, doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101278.
Electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure delays experimental epilepsy and is associated with altered microRNA expression (Jun 2019) Costart et al, Brain Stimul, doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.009.
Epilepsy Gene Therapy Using an Engineered Potassium Channel (Feb 2019) Snowball et al, J Neurosci, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1143-18.2019.
Semiology, clustering, periodicity and natural history of seizures in an experimental visual cortical epilepsy model (Nov 2018) Chang et al, Dis Model Mech, doi: 10.1242/dmm.036194.
Biochemical autoregulatory gene therapy for focal epilepsy (Jul 2018) Leib et al, Nat Med, doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0103-x.
KEAP1 inhibition is neuroprotective and suppresses the development of epilepsy (May 2018) Shekh-Ahmad et al, Brain, doi: 10.1093/brain/awy071.
Circadian and Brain State Modulation of Network Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's Disease (Apr 2018) Brown et al, eNeuro, doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0426-17.2018.
A microRNA-129-5p/Rbfox crosstalk coordinates homeostatic downscaling of excitatory synapses (May 2017) Rajman et al, EMBO, doi: 10.15252/embj.201695748.
Carvacrol after status epilepticus (SE) prevents recurrent SE, early seizures, cell death, and cognitive decline (Jan 2017) Khalil et al, Epilepsia, doi: 10.1111/epi.13645.
The Development of Nociceptive Network Activity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Freely Moving Rat Pups (Oct 2016) Chang et al, Cereb Cortex, doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw330.
Epileptogenic effects of NMDAR antibodies in a passive transfer mouse model (Aug 2015) Wright et al, Brain, doi: 10.1093/brain/awv257.
Chemical-genetic attenuation of focal neocortical seizures (Apr 2014) Kaetzel et al, Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/ncomms.4847.
Ceftriaxone Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury Restores Expression of the Glutamate Transporter, GLT-1, Reduces Regional Gliosis, and Reduces Post-Traumatic Seizures in the Rat (Aug 2013) Goodrich et al, J Neurotrauma, doi: 10.1089/neu.2012.2712.
Optogenetic and Potassium Channel Gene Therapy in a Rodent Model of Focal Neocortical Epilepsy (Nov 2012) Wykes et al, Sci Transl Med, doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004190.
A Novel Telemetry System for Recording EEG in Small Animals (Sep 2011) Chang et al, J Neurosci Methods, doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.07.018.

Modified: This page was last modified on 21-Feb-25 01:41:42